_1712039887 20240402063807000 Rovedar Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com Rovedar Farm Animal Health and Nutrition Farm Anim. Health Nutr. 2980-7905 03 25 2024 3 1 Muhammad Binyameen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4403-2480 Muhammad Imran Muhammad Waseem Saba Anwar https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9134-0110 Hina Tahir https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3967-2341 Burhan Azam Muhammad Asim Tauseef https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1971-409X Muhammad Saleem https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0858-9169 Introduction: The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a decapeptide hormone released from basal neurons of the hypothalamus. It stimulates the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)  in the pituitary. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of a single injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog at the time of artificial insemination (AI) on buffalo estrus, conception, pregnancy, and calving rate. Materials and methods: The anestrus nulliparous Nili Ravi buffalo heifers (n=80) were divided into 4 groups randomly. Group A (n=20) received only a single injection of GnRH analog at start of the experiment (Day 0), group B (n=20) received a single injection of GnRH analog at Day 0 and prostaglandine (PGF2α) at Day 7, group C (n=20) received progesterone sponge for 7 days, and group D (n=20) received progesterone sponge for 7 days and PGF2α at Day 9. In 2nd study, buffaloes (n=60) expressing first (n=20), second (n=20), and third (n=20) postpartum estrus were enrolled. Moreover, heifers (n=20), expressing estrus first time were also included. Animals (n=10) from each group, received a single injection of GnRH analog at the time of AI were named as treatment group and the control (n=10) did not receive any treatment. Pregnancy tests were performed with the help of ultrasound on days 35 and 65 post-AI. Results: The pregnancy and calving rates were lower in GnRH group compared to other treatments. Similarly, the administration of GnRH analog did not increase pregnancy rates in treatment groups. Conclusion: The single injection of GnRH analog alone at the time of AI did not improve the reproductive performance of buffaloes.        03 25 2024 17 21 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.58803/fahn.v3i1.38 https://fahn.rovedar.com/index.php/FAHN/article/view/38 https://fahn.rovedar.com/index.php/FAHN/article/download/38/59 https://fahn.rovedar.com/index.php/FAHN/article/download/38/59 Food and agriculture organization (FAO). Room, Italy. 2023. Available at: https://www.fao.org/home/en/ 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.08.022 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.02.029 10.21451/1984-3143-AR2017-0015 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.044 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.032 Agarwal SK, and Tomer OS. Reproductive technologies in buffalo. Indian Veterinary Research Institute. 1998. 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Available at: https://kukrdb.lib.ku.ac.th/journal/index.php?/BuffaloBulletin/search_detail/result/286342 10.56825/bufbu.2022.4124518 Binyameen M, Anwar S, Kauser R, Ullah A, Rehman A, and Mushtaq A. Follicular growth, time of ovulation and conception rate after synchronization with medroxy progesterone acetate impregnated sponges in Nili Ravi buffalo heifers. Buffalo Bull. 2017; 36(2): 401-405. Available at: https://kuojs.lib.ku.ac.th/index.php/BufBu/article/view/713 10.1038/206039a0 Charoennam P, Luengektrakoon P, Chinsuthiprapa P, Ritrung P, Suebkhampet A, and Chaikhun-Marcou T. Ovarian cyst in milking swamp buffalo: A case study. Buffalo Bull. 2019; 38(1): 179-184. Available at: https://kuojs.lib.ku.ac.th/index.php/BufBu/article/view/2271 Majid HA, Ali M, Shoaib M, Ullah F, Ali J, and Mujtaba M. Impact of PGF2Α analogue with or without gnrh on the subsequent conception rate in anestrus Nili Ravi Buffalo. J Biol Sci. 2022; 1(1): 21-25. 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