_1728186534 20241006034854000 Rovedar Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com Rovedar Farm Animal Health and Nutrition Farm Anim. Health Nutr. 2980-7905 09 03 2024 3 3 Nadia M. A. Mahmoud Ibtisam E. M. El Zubeir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8173-7693 Introduction: Sudan is known as home to a diverse range of goat breeds, among which the Nubian goat holds significant importance as a dairy producer. Recently, the country imported several exotic dairy goat breeds. The present study aimed to describe the production and reproduction performance of Nubian, Damascus, Mazain, and Alpine goats kept in Khartoum State, Sudan. In addition, to assess solids not fat (SNF), fat, protein, casein, whey proteins, and lactose in the milk of these breeds. Materials and methods: Information about the production performance of goat farms found in Khartoum State was obtained through personal interviews with owners and available records. A total of 145 milk samples were collected from the investigated goat breeds and analyzed for their content. The milk SNF, fat, protein, lactose, casein, and whey proteins were determined in the collected samples. Results: Significant differences among exotic breeds for birth weight of kids, body weight of dams, milk yield, and lactation length were indicated. The fat content was significantly different among goat breeds. The lower fat content of the milk was recorded in Alpine compared to other goats. The protein contents indicated 3.58 ± 0.08%, 3.52 ± 0.12%, 3.62 ± 0.09%, and 3.33 ± 0.07% in the Nubian, Damascus, Mazain, and Alpine goat breeds, respectively. The casein and whey protein content were high in the milk of the Mazain goat, whereby some higher values of casein and whey protein were obtained during the 5-6 months of lactation in the Mazain goat compared to other goats. The lactose content of milk indicated higher values during the first two months of lactation in all goats. The SNF content of milk showed higher values in Damascus and Mazain compared to Alpine goats, which showed significant differences during the progress of lactation in all goats. Conclusion: It is concluded that variations were found regarding the chemical composition of milk and performance in different breeds of goats in Khartoum State, Sudan.        09 03 2024 46 56 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 10.58803/fahn.v3i3.49 https://fahn.rovedar.com/index.php/FAHN/article/view/49 https://fahn.rovedar.com/index.php/FAHN/article/download/49/81 https://fahn.rovedar.com/index.php/FAHN/article/download/49/81 10.21786/bbrc/11.3/6 10.3390/foods7030029 10.1093/af/vfad005 Waheb OR, Al-Azzawi SH, and Khalil RI. Evaluation of heat tolerance of Iraqi local goats. Texas J Agric Biol Sci. 2022; 6: 40-45. Available at: https://zienjournals.com/index.php/tjabs/article/view/2138 Skapetas B, and Bampidis V. Goat production in the world: Present situation and trends. Livestock Res Rural Dev. 2016; 28(11): 200. Available at: http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd28/11/skap28200.html Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations (FAO). Dairy market review - Overview of global dairy market and policy developments in 2022. 2023; Rome. Available at: https://www.fao.org/markets-and-trade/publications/detail/en/c/1654003/ Brunchugin VV, Shuvarikov AS, and Pastukh ON. Dairy productivity and some quality indicators of milk of goats of the Saanen, Alpine and Nubian breeds. Sheep, Goats, Wool. 2011; 4: 30-33. 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.05.017 10.1017/S0007114513004212 10.3390/ani12202785 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.077 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105515 10.36103/ijas.v54i1.1687 10.21608/ejap.2022.245068 10.2298/BAH1502245M 10.18805/ajdfr.DRF-261 Mahmoud NMA, El Zubeir IEM, and Fadlelmoula AA. Effect of stage of lactation on milk yield and composition of first kidder Damascus does in the Sudan. J Anim Prod Adv. 2014; 4(3): 355- 362. 10.1017/S0022029900002284 10.1017/S0022029900002296 Social package for statistical system (SPSS). Social package for statistical system for Windows, Version 16. SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA. 2008. 10.3923/pjbs.2005.734.739 Elabid KE. Various factors affecting birth weight of Sudanese Nubian goat kids. Res J Agric Biol Sci. 2008; 4(6): 700-703. Available at: https://www.aensiweb.net/AENSIWEB/rjabs/rjabs/2008/700-703.pdf 10.36380/scil.2020.wvj15 Mahmoud NMA, El Zubeir IEM, and Fadlelmoula AA. Colostrum composition and performance of Damascus goats raised under Sudan conditions. Wudpecker J Agr Res. 2012; 1(8): 341-345. Available at: http://www.wudpeckerresearchjournals.org 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.907785 10.1186/s13570-019-0157-5 10.46419/vs.55.5.8 10.4067/S0719-81322019000200061 Yagoub MS, Alqurashi AM, and Elsheikh AS. Some reproductive traits of female Nubian goats. J Am Sci. 2013; 9(5): 385-389. Available at: https://www.nu.edu.sa/documents/618654/16880905/Some+reproductive+traits+of+female+Nubian+goats.pdf 10.21608/jappmu.2023.222814.1082 10.3923/ijds.2009.152.158 10.3168/jds.2019-17051 Van Horn H, Haelein GL, and Ace, DL. Nutritional causes of reproductive losses. Goat handbook. University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. 1992. 10.1088/1755-1315/640/3/032031 10.3390/su9061000 10.5713/ajas.2013.13658 10.1071/AN20161 10.15744/2393-9060.3.401 Ali SMY. Milk composition of Nubian and Saanen goats. M.V.Sc Thesis, University of Khartoum, Sudan, 2006. 10.3390/ani9100764 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.05.005 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.11.014 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2004.11.003 10.46419/vs.52.1.12 Pulina G, Nudda A, Battacone G, Fancellu S, and Francescon AHD. Nutrition and quality of goat’s milk. CAB International. In: Cannas A, Pulina G, editors. Dairy goats feeding and nutrition. London, UK. 2008. Available at: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/book/10.1079/ 9781845933487.0000 Klir Ž, Potoˇcnik K, Antunovic Z, Novoselec J, Barac Z, Mulc D, et al. Milk production traits from alpine breed of goats in Croatia and Slovenia. Bulg J Agric Sci. 2015; 21: 1064-1068. Available at: https://www.agrojournal.org/21/05-23.pdf 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2003.11.014 10.3390/foods9081004 10.1017/S0007114511004181 10.1007/s11250-016-1085-7 10.3168/jds.2017-14111 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.08.003 10.1017/S0022029914000211 10.59658/jkas.v2i4.42 10.3168/jds.2015-10428 Strzalkowska N, Jó´zwik A, Bagnicka E, Krzyzewski J, Horba´nczuk K, Pyzel B, et al. Chemical composition, physical traits and fatty acids profile of goat milk as related to the stage of lactation. Anim Sci Pap Rep. 2009; 27: 311-320. Available at: https://www.igbzpan.pl/uploaded/FSiBundleContentBlockBundleEntityTranslatableBlockTranslatableFilesElement/filePath/525/str311-320.pdf 10.17221/4220-CJAS 10.1007/s11250-015-0785-8 10.1051/animres:2000117 ‏