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    <doi_batch_id>_1771422503</doi_batch_id>
    <timestamp>20260218134823000</timestamp>
    <depositor>
      <depositor_name>Rovedar</depositor_name>
      <email_address>Daryoushbabazadeh@gmail.com</email_address>
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    <registrant>Rovedar</registrant>
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    <journal>
      <journal_metadata>
        <full_title>Farm Animal Health and Nutrition</full_title>
        <abbrev_title> Farm Anim. Health Nutr.</abbrev_title>
        <issn media_type="electronic">2980-7905</issn>
      </journal_metadata>
      <journal_issue>
        <publication_date media_type="online">
          <month>12</month>
          <day>29</day>
          <year>2025</year>
        </publication_date>
        <journal_volume>
          <volume>4</volume>
        </journal_volume>
        <issue>4</issue>
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        <titles>
          <title>Corn Silage for Young Dairy Calves: Forbidden or Forgotten?</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="first" language="en">
            <given_name>Akbar</given_name>
            <surname>Nikkhah</surname>
            <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-1728</ORCID>
          </person_name>
          <person_name contributor_role="author" sequence="additional" language="en">
            <given_name>Masoud</given_name>
            <surname>Alimirzaei</surname>
            <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-5666</ORCID>
          </person_name>
        </contributors>
        <jats:abstract xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1">
          <jats:p>Although corn silage is an acceptable forage source for dairy calves, its use in calf diets remains questionable, particularly regarding its digestibility in young animals. The objective of this review article was to elaborate on whether and how corn silage may be fed as a fiber and energy source to young dairy calves. Corn silage is considered as one of the most important forage and energy sources for dairy cattle. Corn silage comprises approximately 50% of total mixed ration (TMR) for dairy cows (as-fed basis). Corn silage is a palatable, digestible, and high-energy forage that can be incorporated into young calf diets, as well. Dry matter content, particle size, starch and energy level, and mycotoxin contamination are the important factors that must be taken into account when deciding to utilize corn silage in diets for young calves. As such, corn silage may be fed to young calves under controlled conditions, and seems to be a forgotten energy-fiber source for young dairy calves. However, proper feeding management care must be taken to avoid corn silage to become a forbidden choice due to its inappropriate use. Future quantitative and qualitative studies are required for optimal uses of corn silage in diets for young dairy calves.  </jats:p>
        </jats:abstract>
        <publication_date media_type="online">
          <month>12</month>
          <day>29</day>
          <year>2025</year>
        </publication_date>
        <pages>
          <first_page>41</first_page>
          <last_page>43</last_page>
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          <ai:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ai:license_ref>
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          <doi>10.58803/fahn.v4i4.88</doi>
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            <unstructured_citation>Nikkhah A, and Alimirzaei M. Forage for pre-weaning calves: An update. World’s Vet J. 2022; 12(2): 123-127. DOI: 10.54203/scil.2022.wvj15</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3530">
            <unstructured_citation>Zhang J, Zhang C, Yang X, Li L, Cao Y, Zhang X, et al. Short- and long-term effects of different forage type supplemented in preweaning dairy calves on performance and milk production into first lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2024: 107(9): 7405-7422. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24244</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3531">
            <unstructured_citation>Xiao J, Chen T, Peng R, Alugongo GM, Yang H, Zahoor Khan M, et al. The age at first consumption of forage in calves and its effect on growth and rumination in the short- and long-term. J Animi Scio Biotechnol. 2023; 14(1): 107. DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00885-6</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3532">
            <unstructured_citation>Nikkhah A, and Alimirzaei M. Boosting concurrent intakes of milk, solid starter and water: The ultimate pre-weaning calf management success triangle. Acad Letters. 2022; 5508.</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3533">
            <unstructured_citation>Diao Q, Zhang R, and Fu T. Review of strategies to promote rumen development in calves. Animals. 2019; 9(8): 490. DOI: 10.3390/ani9080490</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3534">
            <unstructured_citation>Kim YH, Nagata R, Ohtani N, Ichijo T, Ikuta K, and Sato S. Effects of dietary forage and calf vstarter diet on ruminal pH and bacteria in Holstein calves during weaning transition. Front Microbiol. 2016; 7:1575.</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3535">
            <unstructured_citation>Maktabi H, Ghasemi E, and Khorvash M. Effects of substituting grain with forage or non-forage fiber source on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and chewing activity of dairy calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2016; 221: 70-78. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.08.024</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3536">
            <unstructured_citation>Welk A, Neave HW, Spitzer HB, Vonkeyserlingk MAG, and Wearyn DM. Effects of intake-based weaning and forage type on feeding behavior and growth of dairy calves fed by automated feeders. J Dairy Sci. 2022; 105(11): 9119-9136. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21468</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3537">
            <unstructured_citation>Zhang J, Zhang C, Yang X, Li L, Cao Y, Zhang X, et al. Short and long term effects of different forage type supplemented in preweaning dairy calves on performance and milk production into first lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2024; 107(9): 7405-7422. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24244</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3538">
            <unstructured_citation>Mohammadzadeh M, Kazemi-Bonchenari M, Hossein Yazdi M, and Mirzaei M. Forage source (alfalfa hay vs wheat straw) and rumen undegradable to degradable protein ration: Effects on growth performance, microbial protein yield, digestibility, blood metabolites, and behavior of Holstein dairy calves. Span J Agric Res. 2021; 19(3): e0610. DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2021193-16733</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3539">
            <unstructured_citation>Beiranvand H, Khani M, Omidian S, Ariana M, Rezvani R, and Ghaffari M. Does adding water to dry calf starter improve performance during summer?. J Dairy Sci. 2016; 99(3):1901-1911. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10004</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3540">
            <unstructured_citation>Kehoe SI, Dill-McFarland KA, Breaker JD, and Suen G. Effects of corn silage inclusion in preweaning calf diets. J Dairy Sci. 2019; 102(5): 4131-4137. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15799</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3541">
            <unstructured_citation>Badiee A, Naserian AA, Jones G, and Razavi SA. Effects of adding corn silage to the diet of dairy calves on the weight gain, dry matter intake, and chemical blood parameters before weaning. Comp Clin Pathol. 2022; 31(1): 23-27. DOI: 10.1007/s00580-021-03291-4</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3542">
            <unstructured_citation>Toledo AF, Donde SC, Silva AP, Cezar AM, Coelho MG, Tomaluski CR, et al. Whole-Plant flint corn silage inclusion in total mixed rations for pre and post-weaning dairy calves. J Dairy Sci. 2023; 106(9): 6185-6197. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23494</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3543">
            <unstructured_citation>Hosseinabadi, Rezayazdi K, and Dehghan-Banadaki M. Effects of corn silage and its supplementation time in starter diet on the performance and rumen parameters of suckling Holstein calves. Anim Prod Res. 2020; 8(4): 29-38. DOI: 10.22124/ar.2019.12403.1380</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="3544">
            <unstructured_citation>Li L, Qu J, Zhu H, Liu Y, Wu J, Shao G, et al. Effects of feeding different levels of dietary corn silage on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and bacterial community of post-weaning dairy calves. Anim Biosci. 2023; 37(2): 261-273. DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0174</unstructured_citation>
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